See vicious in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vicious"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "veecious"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁#Proto-Indo-European:_two"
],
[
"*(d)wi-tyo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*dwi-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*wí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wí"
],
[
"vitium",
"vitium#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃ed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-#Proto-Indo-European:_smell"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"-ōssus",
"-ossus#Latin"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vice",
"vice#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(d)wi-tyo-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*dwóh₁<id:two>\", \"id\" : \"two\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitiōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"vicious\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nBorrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious, from Latin vitiōsus; equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "viciows",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vicius",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycious",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycyus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vicyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vecyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vysyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycios",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vicyows",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viciouse"
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Iniquitous, sinful, wicked (often in a way that causes harm or vice to/in others)"
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-tX0lzxFA",
"links": [
[
"Iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-xAkq8t53",
"links": [
[
"purity",
"purity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 7 20 3 5 33 12 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 2 3 42 10 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 23 3 8 27 14 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 24 3 4 30 16 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 23 2 3 40 18 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 21 3 5 35 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 21 3 4 34 13 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 56 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 55 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 69 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 54 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 54 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-grxRsDq2",
"links": [
[
"modified",
"modified"
],
[
"debased",
"debased"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 9 23 3 8 27 14 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 24 3 4 30 16 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"id": "en-vicious-enm-adj-4lq30EYh",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/visiˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/visˈjuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvisjus/"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Old Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Ethics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vicious"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "veecious"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dwóh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁#Proto-Indo-European:_two"
],
[
"*(d)wi-tyo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*dwi-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwi-"
],
[
"*wí",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wí"
],
[
"vitium",
"vitium#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃ed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ed-#Proto-Indo-European:_smell"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"-ōssus",
"-ossus#Latin"
],
[
"-ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vicious",
"vicious#Old_French"
],
[
"vitiōsus",
"vitiosus#Latin"
],
[
"vice",
"vice#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(d)wi-tyo-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*dwóh₁<id:two>\", \"id\" : \"two\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ŏ̄dsos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₃édos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"smell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ed-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōssus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vitiōsus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"vicious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"vicious\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "vicious"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "vitiōsus"
},
"expansion": "Latin vitiōsus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vice",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "vice + -ous",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:vicious",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo-?\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *dwi-\nProto-Indo-European *wí?\nLatin vitium\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -ōsus\nLatin vitiōsus\nAnglo-Norman viciousbor.\nMiddle English vicious\nBorrowed from Anglo-Norman vicious, from Latin vitiōsus; equivalent to vice + -ous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viciouse",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "viciows",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vicius",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycious",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycyus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vicyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vecyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vysyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycios",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vycyous",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vicyows",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "viciouse",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "viciouse"
},
"expansion": "vicious (plural and weak singular viciouse)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Iniquitous, sinful, wicked (often in a way that causes harm or vice to/in others)"
],
"links": [
[
"Iniquitous",
"iniquitous"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"links": [
[
"purity",
"purity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Lacking purity or cleanness; spoiled or defiled."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"links": [
[
"modified",
"modified"
],
[
"debased",
"debased"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inaccurate, modified, or debased; of substandard quality."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Injurious, dangerous; causing serious harm."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/visiˈuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/visˈjuːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvisjus/"
}
],
"word": "vicious"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vicious meaning in Middle English (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.